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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный научный вестник</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3849</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-3849-2026-7-413-418</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Плавучие атомные электростанции в международном праве вооружённых конфликтов: правовая неопределённость и пути её преодоления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Floating nuclear power plants in international law of armed conflicts: legal uncertainty and ways to overcome it</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климов</surname><given-names>Я.И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>yiklimov@fa.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ассистент кафедры гуманитарных наук, Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Россия; соискатель кафедры международного и интеграционного права, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Россия, ORCID: 0009-0009-7541-9715</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>7</issue><fpage>413</fpage><lpage>418</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-11"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="plavuchie-atomnye-elektrostantsii-v-mezhdunarodnom-prave-vooruzhennyh-konfliktov.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Предметом исследования является правовой статус плавучих атомных электростанций (ПАТЭС) в условиях вооружённого конфликта. Ввод в эксплуатацию «Академика Ломоносова» в 2019 г. обнажил правовую неопределённость: ни международное гуманитарное право (МГП), ни конвенционное ядерное право, ни морское право не обеспечивают ПАТЭС специальной защиты при боевых действиях. Цель исследования – установить реальный объём правовой защиты ПАТЭС при вооружённом конфликте и сформулировать предложения de lege ferenda. Применены системно-правовой анализ, телеологическое толкование по статье 31(1) Венской конвенции о праве договоров, сравнительно-правовой и историко-правовой методы. Установлено, что статья 56(1) Дополнительного протокола I (ДП I) не распространяется на ПАТЭС ввиду технологического разрыва 1977 г.; Конвенция о ядерной безопасности, КФЗЯМ и ICSANT самоустраняются через военные исключения или критерий наземности; морское право не содержит специальных норм о режиме ПАТЭС при конфликте. Пробелы трёх режимов взаимно усиливают друг друга. De lege ferenda предложены специальная конвенция МАГАТЭ/ИМО, факультативный протокол к статье 56 ДП I и верификационный механизм МАГАТЭ. Результаты применимы при разработке международных договоров о статусе ПАТЭС.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>This study examines the legal status of floating nuclear power plants (FNPPs) in armed conflict. The commissioning of Akademik Lomonosov in 2019 exposed a critical legal gap: neither international humanitarian law (IHL), nor conventional nuclear law, nor maritime law provides FNPPs with specific protection during hostilities. The study aims to determine what protection current international law actually affords FNPPs in armed conflict and to formulate de lege ferenda proposals. Systemic-legal analysis, teleological interpretation under Article 31(1) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, comparative-legal, and historical-legal methods were applied. It is established that Article 56(1) of Additional Protocol I (AP I) does not extend to FNPPs due to a 1977 technological gap; the Nuclear Safety Convention, CPPNM, and ICSANT self-exclude through armed conflict exceptions or the land-based criterion; maritime law contains no specific rules on FNPP status in naval conflict. The gaps of all three regimes mutually reinforce each other. De lege ferenda, three complementary measures are proposed: a special IAEA/IMO convention, an optional protocol to Article 56 AP I, and an IAEA verification mechanism. The findings are applicable to the development of international instruments on FNPP legal status.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плавучие атомные электростанции</kwd><kwd>международное гуманитарное право</kwd><kwd>Дополнительный протокол I</kwd><kwd>правовая неопределённость</kwd><kwd>de lege ferenda</kwd><kwd>морской вооружённый конфликт</kwd><kwd>конвенционное ядерное право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>floating nuclear power plants</kwd><kwd>international humanitarian law</kwd><kwd>Additional Protocol I</kwd><kwd>legal uncertainty</kwd><kwd>de lege ferenda</kwd><kwd>maritime armed conflict</kwd><kwd>conventional nuclear law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Барамидзе Д.Д. Правовое обеспечение экологической безопасности плавучих атомных теплоэлектростанций в Арктике // Государство и право. 2023. № 2. 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