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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный научный вестник</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3849</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-3849-2026-2-23-29</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Минимизация последствий экономических и регуляторных ограничений во внешнеторговых контрактах: потенциал оговорки о затруднительных обстоятельствах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Minimizing the impact of economic and regulatory restrictions in foreign trade contracts: the potential of hardship clauses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Король</surname><given-names>Малика Рифхатовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korol</surname><given-names>Malika R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>malika.korol@gmail.com</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Master of law, Attorney, Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Магистр права, адвокат, Независимый исследователь, г. Москва, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-20"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-17"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-12"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="minimizatsiya-posledstviy-ekonomicheskih-i-regulyatornyh-ogranicheniy-vo-vneshnetorgovyh.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье исследуется проблема квалификации обстоятельств, которые затрудняют исполнение внешнеторговых контрактов в условиях экономических и регуляторных ограничений. На основе анализа последствий кризисных периодов и практики разрешения споров по исполнению контрактов показано, что значительная часть препятствующих исполнению контракта обстоятельств (валютные ограничения, отказ банков и перевозчиков, логистические сбои, санкционные ограничения и др.), не подпадает под критерии объективной невозможности исполнения, фрустрации, существенного изменения обстоятельств и квалифицируется судами как коммерческий риск стороны. Посредством сопоставительного анализа доктрин форс-мажора, фрустрации, существенного изменения обстоятельств и hardship выявлено разграничение механизмов прекращения контракта и механизмов его сохранения. Научная новизна исследования заключается в обосновании необходимости выделения затруднительных обстоятельств (hardship) как самостоятельного договорного механизма адаптации обязательств, направленного на сохранение контракта и перераспределение рисков без обращения к судебному вмешательству. Предлагается концепция оговорки о затруднительных обстоятельствах, ориентированная на приостановление исполнения, добросовестные переговоры и внесудебную адаптацию условий контракта. Делается вывод о том, что включение такой оговорки позволяет минимизировать риски участников внешнеторговой деятельности, которые сталкиваются с экономическими и регуляторными ограничениями.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>This article examines the classification of circumstances that impede the performance of foreign trade contracts under economic and regulatory restrictions. Based on an analysis of the effects of crisis periods and the practice of resolving contractual disputes, it is shown that a significant number of circumstances impeding contract performance (currency restrictions, bank and carrier refusals, logistical failures, sanctions restrictions, etc.) do not fall under the criteria of objective impossibility of performance, frustration, or a material change in circumstances and are classified by courts as a party’s commercial risk. A comparative analysis of the doctrines of force majeure, frustration, a material change in circumstances, and hardship reveals a distinction between contract termination mechanisms and contract preservation mechanisms. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its substantiation of the need to identify hardship as an independent contractual mechanism for adapting obligations, aimed at preserving the contract and redistributing risks without resorting to judicial intervention. The concept of a hardship clause is proposed, focusing on suspension of performance, good-faith negotiations, and out-of-court adaptation of contract terms. It is concluded that the inclusion of such a clause minimizes the risks for participants in foreign trade activities facing economic and regulatory restrictions.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>затруднительные обстоятельства (hardship)</kwd><kwd>форс-мажор</kwd><kwd>фрустрация</kwd><kwd>существенного изменения обстоятельств</kwd><kwd>внешнеторговый контракт</kwd><kwd>свобода договора</kwd><kwd>адаптация обязательств</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>коммерческий риск</kwd><kwd>невозможность исполнения контракта</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hardship</kwd><kwd>force majeure</kwd><kwd>frustration</kwd><kwd>material change of circumstances</kwd><kwd>foreign trade contract</kwd><kwd>freedom of contract</kwd><kwd>adaptation of obligations</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>commercial risk</kwd><kwd>impossibility of fulfilling the contract</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Венская Конвенция о праве международных договоров (заключена в Вене 23.05.1969) // Электронный ресурс: СПС Консультант плюс.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации (часть первая) от 30.11.1994 № 51-ФЗ ред. от 31.07.2025, с изм. от 25.11.2025 // Собрание законодательства РФ. – 1994. – № 32. – Ст. 3301.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Договорное право (общая часть): постатейный комментарий к статьям 420–453 Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации [Электронное издание. 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